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Vol. 08, No. 12 [December 2022]
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| Paper Title | :: | Improvement of CBR Value of Soil Using Geogrids and Jute Fibers |
| Author Name | :: | Arjun Kumar Bauri || Maya Rajnarayan Ray |
| Country | :: | India |
| Page Number | :: | 01-07 |
In India, sub-grade of flexible pavement are generally constructed over naturally available soil strata. Often, these sub-grade have very low strength depending of the soil type in various reach of length of road construction. The California Bearing Ratio (CBR) is the test which helps to know the strength of such sub grades, if CBR value of respective sub grade soil is low, it needs to increase the thickness of pavement. Due to such challenges and unavailability of suitable sub-grade material research is required to find the economic method of converting locally available soil or problematic soil to suitable construction material. One of such methods is using, ‘reinforcing’ materials like ‘Geogrid and natural Geotextiles (jute) in the sub grade layer to increase the strength. This paper presents Geosynthetics (geogrid and geotextile) as a tension material that has been used for the reinforcement of black cotton soil, alluvial soil, and sandy soil. Additionally, series of CBR tests were conducted to evaluate the effect of placing a layer of reinforcement horizontally at a depth of 1/3rd of the height (125mm) of mould from the top surface of these soils. The test shows that the CBR of reinforced soil increases with the use of geogrid and natural geotextile (jute).
Key Words: California bearing ratio, Geogrid, Geotextile, Sub-Grade
Key Words: California bearing ratio, Geogrid, Geotextile, Sub-Grade
[1] K Jozefiak,., A. Zbiciak., M. Maslakowski., and T. Piotrowski, Numerical modelling and bearing capacity analysis of pile foundation, Procedia Engineering, 111, 2015, 356-363.
[2] A. Anand and R. Sarkar, Experimental and numerical investigation on load-settlement behaviour of stone column reinforced fly ash backfill. In: Proceedings of Indian geotechnical conference (IGC 2017), IIT Guwahati, Guwahati, India, 2017.
[3] K. S. Gill, A. K. Choudhary, J.N. Jha and S.K. Shukla, Experimental and numerical studies of loaded strip footing resting on reinforced fly ash slope, Geosynthetics International, 20(1), 2013, 13-25.
[4] K. Suzuki and H. Takeuchi, Performance of band shaped vertical drain for soft Hai Phong clay, Soils and Foundations, 48(4), 2008, 577-585.
[5] A. Anand and R. Sarkar, Seismic Bearing Capacity of Strip Footing on Partially Saturated Soil using Modal Response Analysis, Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, 21, 2022, 641 – 662. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11803-022-2114-3
[2] A. Anand and R. Sarkar, Experimental and numerical investigation on load-settlement behaviour of stone column reinforced fly ash backfill. In: Proceedings of Indian geotechnical conference (IGC 2017), IIT Guwahati, Guwahati, India, 2017.
[3] K. S. Gill, A. K. Choudhary, J.N. Jha and S.K. Shukla, Experimental and numerical studies of loaded strip footing resting on reinforced fly ash slope, Geosynthetics International, 20(1), 2013, 13-25.
[4] K. Suzuki and H. Takeuchi, Performance of band shaped vertical drain for soft Hai Phong clay, Soils and Foundations, 48(4), 2008, 577-585.
[5] A. Anand and R. Sarkar, Seismic Bearing Capacity of Strip Footing on Partially Saturated Soil using Modal Response Analysis, Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, 21, 2022, 641 – 662. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11803-022-2114-3
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| Paper Title | :: | Characterization of Balanites Seed Oil as a Metal Cutting Fluid |
| Author Name | :: | Isah Hussaini Wara || Abdu Salihi |
| Country | :: | Nigeria |
| Page Number | :: | 08-19 |
The use of oils derived from plants in non-food industries such as lubricants, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics has received widespread interest due to its non-toxic, biodegradable, and ecologically beneficial properties. This paper presents the formulation, characterization and performance evaluation of the developed cutting fluid from Balanites (Aduwa) seed oils (turning operation at varying cutting speeds of 278rpm and 370rpm with 1mm and 1.5mm, a depth of cut, and a constant feed rate of 0.5rv/min). The formulation of the cutting fluid was done by mixing the balanites oil with emulsifiers and additives. Three emulsion samples, BCF-10 (10% balanites oil concentration), BCF-20 (20% balanites oil concentration), and BCF-30 (30% balanites oil concentration), as well as a control sample, CCF, were prepared. The results showed that sample BCF-30 had better physicochemical properties in terms of viscosity, flash point, and pH value with 29.3 cP, 285 oC, and 9.20 respectively compared to the control sample CCF with 25.4 cP, 250 oC, and 8.03 respectively, while sample BCF-10 had the highest density with 0.96 g/ml compared to sample CCF with 0.92.
Key Words: Balanites oil, Balanites seed, cutting fluid, flash point, viscosity, pH value
Key Words: Balanites oil, Balanites seed, cutting fluid, flash point, viscosity, pH value
[1]. Bittorf P., Kapoor S.G. and DeVor R. E. (2011), “Transiently Stable Emulsions for Metalworking Fluids” ISTC Reports (Illinois Sustainable Technology Center)
[2]. Saleh, U. A., Haruna, Y. S. and Adedoja, O. S. (2015). Evaluation of the Global Solar Radiation for Electricity Generation at Anyigba, Kogi State North Central, Nigeria. International Journal of Engineering and Science. 15(6)
[3]. Valaki J. B., Vishal M., Guatam V., Vijay P. and Pruthvirajsinh R. (2014). Vegetable Oil Based Metal Cutting Fluids for Sustainable Machining Processes. International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Applications in Engineering, Technology and Sciences (Ij-Eta-Ets).Issn: 0974-3588: Volume 7: Issue 1 | Special Issue. Pp 235-238.
[4]. Mamuda M., Yawas D. S. and Dauda M. (2016). Assessment of Lubricant Properties of J. Curcas Seed Oil And 10w-30 Arrow Premium Synthetic Blend Plus Oil. International Journal of Engineering Science Invention ISSN (Online): 2319 – 6734, ISSN (Print): 2319 – 6726 www.ijesi.org ||Volume 5 Issue 3|| March 2016 || PP.10-14 www.ijesi.org 10.
[5]. Srivastava A. and Sahai P. (2013). Vegetable oils as lube basestocks: A review. African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(9), pp. 880-891. DOI: 10.5897/AJB12.2823. ISSN 1684–5315. http://www.academicjournals.org/AJB.83(2):129-136: DOI: 10.1007/s11746-006-1185-z.
[2]. Saleh, U. A., Haruna, Y. S. and Adedoja, O. S. (2015). Evaluation of the Global Solar Radiation for Electricity Generation at Anyigba, Kogi State North Central, Nigeria. International Journal of Engineering and Science. 15(6)
[3]. Valaki J. B., Vishal M., Guatam V., Vijay P. and Pruthvirajsinh R. (2014). Vegetable Oil Based Metal Cutting Fluids for Sustainable Machining Processes. International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Applications in Engineering, Technology and Sciences (Ij-Eta-Ets).Issn: 0974-3588: Volume 7: Issue 1 | Special Issue. Pp 235-238.
[4]. Mamuda M., Yawas D. S. and Dauda M. (2016). Assessment of Lubricant Properties of J. Curcas Seed Oil And 10w-30 Arrow Premium Synthetic Blend Plus Oil. International Journal of Engineering Science Invention ISSN (Online): 2319 – 6734, ISSN (Print): 2319 – 6726 www.ijesi.org ||Volume 5 Issue 3|| March 2016 || PP.10-14 www.ijesi.org 10.
[5]. Srivastava A. and Sahai P. (2013). Vegetable oils as lube basestocks: A review. African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(9), pp. 880-891. DOI: 10.5897/AJB12.2823. ISSN 1684–5315. http://www.academicjournals.org/AJB.83(2):129-136: DOI: 10.1007/s11746-006-1185-z.