Current Issue [Vol. 11, No. 10] [October 2025]

Modern technologies involved in the education process have led to significant changes in the approach to the educational process. The development of information and communication technologies has enabled the emergence of various digital tools that can contribute to easier and more efficient transfer and acquisition of knowledge. The purposeful integration of digital tools into the teaching and learning process is a current issue in the education system. The fact is that students have different levels of prior knowledge and motivation, which gives digital tools the opportunity to contribute to the quality of education when used appropriately. In this paper, we analyze the use of personalized tools in the teaching and learning process.
Keywords: digital tools, personalization, teaching, learning.

The segmented operation mode of urban rail transit is prone to cause transfer congestion under high passenger flow, which not only degrades the passenger travel experience but also reduces transfer pressure, optimizes resource allocation, and cuts costs through interconnection and interline operation. This paper selects two intersecting lines forming a Y-shape as the research object, aiming to minimize the system cost consisting of "passenger travel cost" and "enterprise operation cost". Considering constraints such as maximum load factor, minimum tracking interval, and minimum departure frequency, a dual-objective optimization model for interline operation schemes is constructed, and a genetic algorithm is designed to solve the model based on its characteristics. Using passenger flow data from Beijing Subway's Changping Line and Line 8 as samples, the model is solved using MATLAB, and the results are compared with the operation scheme under the traditional single-line operation mode. The analysis shows that after scheme optimization, the total enterprise operation cost decreases by 9.6% compared to the original scheme, and the total passenger travel time reduces by 23%, effectively improving operational efficiency and service retention.
Keywords: genetic algorithm, overline operation, optimization modeling, train operation plan, urban rail transit

To address key challenges faced by the elderly during bathing—high risk of slipping, physical frailty, and the limited functionality of existing products—this study develops an elderly-oriented intelligent multifunctional assisted shower chair with safety assurance as its core design principle, incorporating anti-slip chair feet and seat surfaces made of specialized materials and integrating a lead-screw lifting armrest with an electric push-rod base plate to form a dual auxiliary standing system; for bathing functionality, the shower arm’s elevation and rotation are achieved through the combination of synchronous belt transmission and bevel gears, while an automatic foaming device installed under the armrest enhances cleaning efficiency. The intelligent control system employs a serial port screen for human-machine interaction, enabling automatic adjustment of water temperature and flow rate, and furthermore constructs a three-tier alarm mechanism linked with a buzzer, a guardian APP, and a property management system, thereby forming a closed-loop safety network. This "mechanical assistance-intelligent control-safety early warning" integrated design bridges the functional gap between passive support and active care, provides a technical paradigm for the development of aging-adaptable products, and is expected to be applied in domestic and nursing home settings, contributing to improved quality of life and independent dignity for the elderly.
Keywords: The Elderly, Bathing Aids, Intelligence, Safety Monitoring

This study presents an intelligent ergonomic seat cushion system utilizing STM32 microcontroller and CAN bus technology, designed to address health issues like scoliosis and myopia caused by prolonged poor posture. The device employs a film pressure sensor to monitor real-time hip pressure distribution, while integrating STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller with HX711 analog-to-digital converter for high-precision signal processing. A L298N driver motor controls a scissor-type lifting mechanism, enabling independent height adjustment on both sides. The closed-loop control system dynamically adjusts the cushion's posture based on pressure differences, encouraging users to correct their sitting posture autonomously. The structural design combines ergonomic principles with finite element analysis, using aluminum alloy and PETG materials to balance strength and comfort. Experimental results demonstrate the system's effective posture recognition and adaptive correction capabilities, showcasing excellent stability and promising application potential.
Keywords: smart seat cushion; pressure sensor; correct sitting posture.

In this paper Strictly U -pseudo regular U- spaces have been defined and a few important properties of these spaces have been justified. This is the fourth paper of U- Pseudo regular U- spaces. A number of important theorems regarding this spaces have been established. Strictly U -pseudo normal is not defined for U- spaces.
Keywords: U-space, U-Regular, U-Compact, U-Continuous, Strictly U-Pseudo Regular U-Spaces

Polyaniline and PANI-Lithium perchlorate composites were prepared by chemical reaction method. The composites are characterized with the help of FT-IR, SEM and XRD to confirm the chemical interactions and crystalinity, change in surface morphology and optical changes respectively. The obtained results suggesting these polymer composites are suitable candidates for optoelectronics display, electrode material and electrochromic devices.
Keywords: Polyaniline, DSC, SEM, XRD

To address challenges such as high equipment costs, low processing efficiency, and poor portability in optical shaft slotting for small teams and individual users, this study designed a portable optical shaft slotting machine powered by a hand drill. First, the equipment structure was divided into three core modules transmission mechanism, clamping mechanism, and cutting mechanism based on practical requirements. Theoretical design and parameter calculations for each module were completed: Through matching calculations between the optimal cutting speed (3 m/min) of No.45 steel and the hand drill's rotational speed (1600 r/min), the transmission ratio was determined as 16.04, with gear parameters optimized to avoid oversized dimensions. The clamping mechanism adopted a ratchet self-locking structure to balance clamping range and lightweight design, while the cutting mechanism utilized a spring-damper structure for precise force control. Finally, processing techniques for each component were established, and optimization solutions were proposed for structural defects like insufficient lubrication in the initial transmission mechanism. Theoretical analysis demonstrated that the equipment meets core specifications: maximum processing diameter of 35 mm, weight under 15 kg, and applicability to materials including carbon steel, stainless steel, and 6061 aluminum alloy. This study provides a low-cost, portable solution for optical shaft slotting, laying the foundation for subsequent prototype manufacturing and performance testing.
Keywords: Portable optical axis slotting machine; hand drill power source; transmission mechanism design; ratchet clamping mechanism; spring-damper cutting mechanism.

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are systems that consist of hundreds or possibly even thousands of sensor nodes. Sensor nodes may be deployed either randomly or strategically to carry out complex tasks like sensing, data collection, calculations, and data transmission based on predetermined parameters. This study utilised the IEEE 802.15.4/ZigBee wireless communication standard. Compared to other wireless communication standards, the Zigbee has several advantages, including low battery and power consumption, as well as support for three distinct global frequency bands. It also provides excellent performance for short-range sensors. Simulations were conducted using the RIVERBED Academic Edition 17.5 simulator, which has the ability to producehighly accurate results in real-world network applications. Using this simulator, a comparison was made of four key performance parameters namely, delay, throughput, data traffic sent, and data traffic received for the mesh, tree, and star topologies provided by the ZigBee standard. The aim of this study is to establish the best topology from these three primary topologies. It is found that the star topology performs better in terms of productivity and data transmission rate in comparison to the tree and mesh topologies, however, it underperforms in terms of data received rate. By contrast, the mesh architecture provides the maximum data received rate when compared to the two other scenarios. The tree architecture proved itself optimal for networks with a small number of sensor nodes because it can transport data to its destination rapidly and without overwhelming the central node.
Keywords: WSN, ZigBee, RIVERBED, OPNET, Wireless Network Topologies.