Log in || Register editor@ijlret.com
IJLRET Menu

Vol. 03, No. 10 [October 2017]


Paper Title :: Management and control of malodour atmospheric pollutant of public concern
Author Name :: Pramod R. Chaudhari || Pradeep Kumar Taneja
Country :: India
Page Number :: 01-11
Unpleasant odour or malodour is of intense public concern all over the world. It had attracted attention scientists and managers since later half of 20th century. Many countries developed standard methods of measurement and regulation of odour, though there is no uniformity among them, as those were based on local conditions, culture and public perception. In India, the guidelines for odour monitoring and management have been developed by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB- Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change) in 2008 and 2017. Odours are caused due to volatile compounds of varied nature and emitted from large number of sources. Different malodours have graded intensity of pungent or undesirable unpleasant smell. Odours are recognized as atmospheric pollutants and subject to control and regulation in many countries. The issues of odour chemistry, monitoring, management and dispersion modeling are discussed in this paper.
Key Words: Odor, Chemistry, Sources, Regulation, Monitoring, Control, Modeling
[1]. J.A. Nicell, Assessment and Regulation of Odor Impacts, Atmospheric Environment, 43, 2009, 196-206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.09.033
[2]. E. Gallego, C. Soriano, F.X. Roca, J.F. Perales, M. Alarcon, and X. Guardino, Identification of the origin of odor episodes through social participation, chemical control and numerical modeling, Atmospheric Environment, 42, 2008, 8150-8160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.08.004
[3]. L. Capelli, S. Sironi, R. Del Rossoa, P. Céntola, A. Rossi, and C. Austeri, Odor impact assessment in urban areas: Case study of the City of Terni, Proc. Environmental Sciences, 4, 2011 151-157.
[4]. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proenv.2011.03.018
[5]. CPCB, Newsletter Guidelines on Odor Pollution and Its Control (Min. Environ. For Govt. of India, Parivesh Bhawan, East Arjun Nagar, Delhi 110032, 2008).

Paper Title :: Water, the Backbone of Life and Economic Stability
Author Name :: Mr. Mpumelelo Dolo || Prof. Dhiren Allopi
Country :: South Africa
Page Number :: 12-14
Water is essential for human life, development and environmental, but it is a finite and vulnerable resource which has qualitative limitation and quantitative vulnerability (Lalzad, 2007). The mere fact that in most of the cases, it is easily accessible, exposes it to some vulnerability to a certain extent. It has a potential of getting misused and ultimately arrive to a point where it gets finished from its source, particularly during non-raining periods. Its significance is generally not being recognized by most people, particularly those who have not yetbeen exposed to its scarcity. CES (2007) states that, the importance of water to human life is ranked second, following after oxygen. Water availability always goes hand in hand with water quality. Water of poor quality isa health hazard and require purification before use. Purification which comes at an expense, hence it's often not done by people in rural areas, due to their non-affordability,ultimately making them daily victims of water related illnesses. Bigas et al (2012), talks about water, as a base of health, nutrition, equity, well-being and economic progress, particularly in developing countries. Important factors such as good health and well-being are the results of qualitative water. Water of bad quality is highlyinfectious and risk to human nature and livestock. On the other hand, development of any kind is, somehow dependent on the availability of water. UNDESA (2015) states that, water is at the core of sustainable development and critical for socio-economic development, healthy ecosystem and for human survival. Development is also associated with economic growth, hence without development the economy is very much likely to collapse. In the process of development, jobs opportunities are created, hence improved economy is eventually achieved during the whole process. According to Irina Nokova, the director general of UNESCO, water and jobs are inextricably linked on various levels, whether we look at them from an economic, environmental or social perspective (UNWWAP, 2016).
Keywords: Human Life, Water Quality,Development, Economy
[1]. Bigas, H., Morris, T., Standford, B and Adeel Z, 2012, the Global Water Crisis: Addressing an Urgent Security Issue, Paper for the Interaction Council, 2011-2012, Hamilton, Canada: UNU-INWEH
[2]. CES (Cooperative Extension Services), 2007, the Importance of Water, College of Tropical Agricultural and Human Resources, University of Hawwai, Manoa
[3]. DWS (Department of Water and Sanitation), 2017, Media Statement: Dam Levels decreased Slightly Again, Dep of Water and Sanitation, Republic of South Africa
[4]. Frankel T C, 2015, New NASA data show how the world is running out of water, NASA, The Washington Posts, Washington
[5]. ISDR (International Strategy for Disaster Reduction), 2007, Drought, Desertification and Water Scarcity, Geneva

Paper Title :: Technology Enhanced Language Teaching in Preparatory Classes
Author Name :: Deniz Yalçınkaya
Country :: Turkey
Page Number :: 18-24
ICT is considered to have the power to improve teaching and learning (Lundall et al., 2000; Hardman, 2005; Louw et al., 2008). Actually, not only in Turkey but anywhere all round the world ICT using has not gathered enough attention to teacher education that is engaged with teaching foreign languages. There have been some applications about e-learning but not widened and received significant attention. Distance learning is under construction in Turkey, and a few universities have been dealing with the blended learning. In these universities that are open universities they are giving lessons as online (e-learning) as a part of blended learning besides class education and class is a part of their teaching programme. However, we need more considerable attempts to the broadening of ICT using in classes, particularly in Language classes.
[1]. Aisha Walker Goodith White , Technology Enhanced Language Learning , Oxford Un. Press ) 2013Connecting Theory and Practice
[2]. Ben –Jacob. Levin & ben – Jacob. 2000; Rogers, 2000 The Application of ICT in teaching and learning has the potential to change educational practices in significant ways.
[3]. Hardman, J. (2005) An exploratory case study of computer use in a primary school mathematics classroom: New technology, new pedagogy? Perspectives in Education, 23 (4), pp.99- 111.
[4]. International Journal of Education and Development using Informatio and Communication Technology (IJEDICT), 2012, Vol. 8, Issue 2, pp. 107-119. Educator discourses on ICT in education: A critical analysis
[5]. Journal of Educational Technology& Society, Vol. 5, NO. 1, Integrating Technology into Learning and Working (Part 1) (January 2002), pp. 23-34 pub. Published by : International Forum of Educational Technology & Society

Paper Title :: Targeting Gamma Secretase with Natural Compounds from Zinc Database-An Insilico Approach
Author Name :: Anju Elizabeth Thomas || J. Poornima
Country :: India
Page Number :: 25-34
Alzheimer disease is a chronic degenerative neurological disorder which contributes to dementia condition in about 60% to 70% of Alzheimer patients. The causative agent for Alzheimer disease is the deposition of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide which results in neural toxicity, deterioration of memory, cognitive and behavioural changes. According to statistics about 2.11 million of Indian population and 5.3 million of US population is facing the problem related to Alzheimer disease. Gamma secretase is the enzyme involved for unusual production of Aβ42 and has four subunits in it namely APH-1, Presenilin, Pen-2 and Nicastrin. The options available till date have not been too effective for Alzheimer patients. This work mainly focuses in screening of potential zinc modulators which would aid better living for the Alzheimer patients. The structure prediction, binding site prediction, docking and analysing the ADMET properties for the zinc compounds were done using various effective and efficient bioinformatics online tools available at authorised sites. The modulators screened in this work served for overcoming the disadvantages of the existing options and providing a new view to focus in terms of treating the Alzheimer disease.
[1]. Artero S, Tierney MC, Touchon J, Ritchie K (2003). "Prediction of transition from cognitive impairment to senile dementia: a prospective, longitudinal study." ActaPsychiatricaScandinavica.107(5):390-3.
[2]. Barbara Tate, Timothy (2012)" Modulation of Gamma-Secretase for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease"International Journal of Alzheimer's Disease Volume, Article ID 210756.
[3]. Berman, H.M, (2000)"The Protein Data Bank" Nucleic Acids Res. 28, 235–242.
[4]. Dickson,D.W, (2008) " Neuropathological diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: a perspective from longitudinal clinic pathological studies" Neurobiol. Aging 18, S21–S26.
[5]. Fara DC, Oprea TI, Prossnitz ER, Bologa CG, Edwards BS, Sklar LA (2003). "Integration of virtual and physical screening".Drug Discovery Today: Technologies.3(4):377-85.

Paper Title :: Influence of the process on surface roughness of 3D-printed aluminum alloy AlSi40 parts
Author Name :: Dörfert, R. || Stoll, C. || Freiße, H. || Seefeld, T. || Vollertsen, F.
Country :: Germany
Page Number :: 35-41
Selective Laser Melting (SLM) is a method of additive manufacturing enabling the production of complex parts directly from metal powder. Components manufactured by SLM typically have similar mechanical properties compared to conventionally manufactured ones. However, up to now surface roughness does not fulfill the criteria for a wide span of applications. Process strategies can be applied to influence the arithmetical mean height and the maximum height (Sa and Sz) of the surface roughness. By processing an AlSi40 alloy the impact of the main process parameters on resulting surface roughness, such as laser power, scan speed and focus position are investigated. The findings obtained of the experiments show a clear dependency of line energy and surface roughness in order to have a smooth surface roughness at a low line energy level of 0.8 J/mm compared to the necessary line energy of 6.7 J/mm to manufacture parts with high density. For the fabrication of AlSi40 parts with a density above 99.5% and a low surface roughness at the same time, it is feasible to separate the hatching and boundary parameters due to the difference between the required energy inputs.
Keywords: Aluminum alloy, AlSi40, high density, Selective Laser Melting, surface roughness
[1]. Hölker, R.; Jäger, A.; Ben Khalifa, N. & Tekkaya, A. E.,Controlling heat balance in hot aluminum extrusion by additive manufactured extrusion dies with conformal cooling channels, International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing, 2013, 14, 1487-1493
[2]. Neugebauer, F.; Keller, N.; Ploshikhin, V.; Feuerhahn, F.& Köhler, H.,Multi Scale FEM Simulation for Distortion Calculation in Additive Manufacturing of Hardeing Stainless Steel, Thermal Forming and Welding Distortion (IWOTE'14), eds.: F. Vollertsen, H. Tetzel, BIAS Verlag Bremen, 2014, 13-23
[3]. Schmidt, M.; Merklein, M.; Bourell, D.; Dimitrov, D.; Hausotte, T.; Wegener, K.; Overmeyer, L.; Vollertsen, F. & Levy, G. N. , Laser based additive manufacturing in industry and academia, CIRP Annals - Manufacturing Technology, 2017, 66, 561 - 583
[4]. Kruth, J. P.; L. Froyen, L.; Van Vaerenbergh, J.; Mercelis, P.; Rombouts, M. &Lauwers, B.,Selective laser melting of iron-based powder, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Volume 149, Issue 1, 2004, 616-622
[5]. Zeiler, M.; Seefeld, T.& Vollertsen, F.,Influence of gap and edge offset on weld distortions by MIG-welding on aluminum alloys, 3rd International Workshop on Thermal Forming and Welding Distortion (IWOTE'11), ed. F. Vollertsen. BIAS Verlag Bremen, 2011, 15 - 23

Paper Title :: Planning and Scheduling of Commercial Project Using Advanced Management Software
Author Name :: T. Venkadesan || M. M. Vishnu Priya || S. Suganya
Country :: India
Page Number :: 42-52
In the rapid development of construction industries are seeks in planning and scheduling to execute the project. So my concentration and platform I lay down in planning and scheduling by using the software Primavera and making use to develop the construction industries. The software is used to predetermine the execution process and mitigate the immediate lacks in the project. It helps to analysis and make fast in construction and find out the critical path of the project.
Index Terms: Constrction management, Primavera, planning, scheduling, commercial building, Preproject planning, management software.
[1]. Chitkara K.K.; "Construction Project Management Planning, Scheduling and Controlling", Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi.
[2]. Chris Hendrickson and Tung Au.; "Project Management for Construction, - Fundamental Concept for Owners, Engineers, Architects and Builders", Prentice Hall, Pittsburgh, 2000.
[3]. CPWD Handbook on Construction Project Management.
[4]. Paulson, B.R.; "Computer Applications In Construction", McGraw Hill, 1995.
[5]. Feigenbaurn, L.: "Construction Scheduling with Primavera Project Planner", Prentice Hall Inc., 1999.

Paper Title :: Economic Growth Nexus Trade Liberalization in Ethiopia: Evidence from the Johnson's Multivariate Cointegration Analysis
Author Name :: Zewdu Bedasa || Minyahil Alemu
Country :: Ethiopia
Page Number :: 53-59
Trade liberalization has long been said to influence favorably in the long run. In an attempt to confirm this theory in the context of Ethiopian economy, we adopted the Johnson's approach for cointegration to test the long run behavior of variables entered the growth model of this paper. The test results suggest the existence of positive and significant impact of trade liberalization on economic growth in Ethiopia; its short run growth impact is estimated to be insignificant. Moreover, the impact of real effective exchange rate and foreign direct investment variables were found to be positive and highly significant in the long run. Therefore, there is a need to design and implement any policy action that could help improve the magnitude of the country's exposure to international trade integration.
Key words: Cointegration, Economic Growth, Ethiopia, Trade Liberalization
[1]. Alemnesh T, (2012),"The Nexuses between Public Investment, Private Investment, Trade Openness and Economic Growth in Ethiopia: Co-Integrated Var Approach Analysis", Unpublished master Thesis, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia.
[2]. Befekadu D. and Berhanu N. (1999/2000), EEA
[3]. Debel G, (2004), "Export and economic growth in Ethiopia", An empirical investigation proceeding of the first international conference on the Ethiopian economy, EEA, Ethiopia.
[4]. Dollar D,(1992), "Out ward oriented developing economies really do grow more rapidly evidence from 95 LDCs, 1976-1985", Economic development and cultural changes.
[5]. Gujarati (2004), "Basic Econometrics", 4thedition, New York: The McGraw-Hill.

Paper Title :: Classification of brain tumors (Based) On Noise-reduced MRI by Non Local PCA
Author Name :: Ahmad Mahmoudi shourabi || Mohammad.HShafiAbadi || FatemehSafara
Country :: Iran
Page Number :: 60-69
Automated and accurate classification of MR brain images is extremely important for medical analysis and interpretation. Over the last decade numerous methods have already been proposed.In this paper, we presented a novel method to classify a givenMR brain image as normal or abnormal. The proposed method first employed Non local denoising(NLPCA) to reduce noise exist in the images and then wavelet transform to extract features from images,followed by applying principle component analysis (PCA) to reduce the dimensions of features. The reduced features were submitted to a kernel support vector machine (KSVM). The strategy of Kfoldstratified cross validation was used to enhance generalization of KSVM. We chose seven common brain diseases (glioma, meningioma, Alzheimer's disease, Alzheimer's disease plus visual agnosia, Pick's disease, sarcoma, and Huntington's disease) as abnormal brains, and collected 160 MR brain images (20 normal and 140 abnormal) fromHarvard Medical School website. We performed our proposed methodwiththe RBF kernel (Radial Basis Function) achieves one of the highest classification accuracy.
Keyword: MRI, Non localPCA, denoising,Discrete Wavelet Transform,kernel support vector machine,K-FOLD cross validation
[1]. Zhang, Y., L. Wu, and S. Wang, \Magnetic resonance brain imageclassification by an improved artificial bee colony algorithm,"Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 116, 65,79, 2011.
[2]. Mohsin, S. A., N. M. Sheikh, and U. Saeed, \MRI induced heating of deep brain stimulation leads: Effect of the air-tissue interface,"ProgressIn Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 83, 81{91, 2008.
[3]. Golestanirad, L., A. P. Izquierdo, S. J. Graham, J. R. Mosig, andC. Pollo, Effect of realistic modeling of deep brain stimulation on the prediction of volume of activated tissue," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 126, 1{16, 2012.
[4]. Mohsin, S. A., Concentration of the specific absorption rate around deep brain stimulation electrodes during MRI," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 121, 469{484, 2011.
[5]. Oikonomou, A., I. S. Karanasiou, and N. K. Uzunoglu, Phasedarraynear field radiometry for brain intracranial applications,"ProgressIn Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 109, 345{360, 2010.

Paper Title :: Study on Feasibility of Modern Institutional Green Building
Author Name :: T. Venkadesan || M. M. Vishnu Priya || S.Suganya
Country :: India
Page Number :: 70-78
In the rapid development of construction industries are going towards Green building construction. So my concentration and platform I lay down in study of feasibility of modern institutional green building. The innovative techniques has been adapted in plastering by partial using of red mud along with sand (Each 50%) and increase the opening to adapt ventilation and lighting effective. It helps to reduce construction and maintenance cost of the project and also it enrich the usage of natural ventilation and lighting.
Index Terms: sustainable cement mortar, Green building, Horizontal ventilation, concrete technology, Red mud based building mortar, concrete casestudy
[1]. O. H Koenigsberger and others, "Manual of Tropical housing and Building" – Part 1 Climate design, Orient Longman, Madras, India 2010.
[2]. Bureau of Indian Stndards IS3792, "Hand book on Functional requirements of buildings others than industrial building" 1987.
[3]. Martin Evans, "Housing Climate and Comfort", Architectural Press, London,1980
[4]. B.Givoni," Man Climate and Architecture,"Architectural Science Series –Applied Science Publisher Ltd., London,1981
[5]. B.Givoni," Passive and Low Energy Cooling of building" Van Nortrand Reinhold New York, USA 1994

Paper Title :: Public health impact and mitigation of exposure to non-ionizing radiation
Author Name :: Pramod R. Chaudhar || Pradeep Kumar Taneja
Country :: India
Page Number :: 79-90
Electro Magnetic Radiation (EMR) is of two types, non-ionization radiation that is below the ultraviolet wavelength range of sunlight spectrum, and radiation from fission products of some nuclides in soil and ionization radiation obtained from UV wavelength to higher wavelength of sunlight spectrum and also from nuclear bomb explosion and nuclear power plant accidents etc. This article explains the non-ionization EMR radiation to which human body is exposed daily. Non-ionization radiations are of two types, man-made and natural. Natural radiations are low levels of radiation to which human body is daily exposed and get acclimatized to it to certain extent. Natural radiations include radon gas emitted from rocks, soil, groundwater and visible light as well as invisible non-ionization EMR of sunlight spectrum including infrared (IR), microwave (MW), radio frequency (RF), very low frequency (VLF) and extremely low frequency (ELF), and thermal radiation from hot objects. The man-made sources of non-ionization EMR are electronic gadgets like mobile, mobile tower, wifi, cordless phones, television waves, laptops, computer etc. Exposure to man-made sources of non-ionization EMR is increasing with the increase in use of electronic gadgets. Public health impacts are reported above threshold radiation level. There are easy ways to minimize the impact, including simple preventive measures as given by Department of Telecommunication (DoT), Government of India, technological solutions, and use of shield material. Standards and guidelines have been developed by DoT, GoI, 10 times stricter than International Standards, for EMR from mobiles and mobile towers, for distance between mobile towers and buildings, and for manufacturer of electronic gadgets by U.S. EPA and many countries including India.
Keywords: Non-ionization electromagnetic radiations, Sources, Health effects, Standards, Guidelines, Prevention
[1]. Shodhganga: Radiation_literature/07_chapter%201_shodhganga.pdf
[2]. https://www.epa.gov/radiation/radionuclides
[3]. /Non-ionizing%20radiation%20-%20Wikipedia.html
[4]. N.M. Ibrahiem, A.H. Abd El Ghani, S.M. Shawky, E.M. Ashraf, and M.A. Farouk, Measurement of radioactivity levels in soil in the Nile Delta and Middle Egypt, Health Physics, 64, 1993, 620-627.
[5]. A.J. Wolfson, Biochemistry and undergraduate liberal education, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education, 35(3), May/June 2007, 167-168.

Paper Title :: RFID Based Ration Material Distributions without Human Intervention
Author Name :: J. Deepa || Dr. A. Rijuvana Begum
Country :: India
Page Number :: 91-96
Ration card is very important for every home and used for various field such as family members details, to get gas connection, it act as address proof for various purpose etc. The Ration materials distribution drawbacks, like inaccurate quantity of goods, low processing speed, large waiting time and material theft in fair price shops. The proposed automatic ration shop for public distribution system is based on Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology that ration replaces conventional cards. To provide the materials automatically without help of humans.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Paper Title :: Design and Analysis of Metal Flow in Hot Aluminium Extrusion of T and C Channel Shaped Profilies with Various offset Pockets
Author Name :: Shaik Akbar Bhasha || Dr. Mahesh Mallampati || Lanka Prakasarao
Country :: India
Page Number :: 97-103
The simulation of hot extrusion processes is a difficult and challenging problem in process modelling. This is due to very large deformations, high strain rates and large temperature changes during the process. Computer models that with sufficient accuracy can describe the material behavior during extrusion can be very useful in process and product development. Main purpose is to investigate the influence of offset pocket design on metal flow behavior in hot aluminium extrusion of T- C-channel shaped profiles. A series of finite element simulations are doing by offsetting the centre of pocket cross-section and examining exit velocity distributions, temperature, displacement of the profiles cross-section for each case. CATIA V5 R20 software is used to create the models and analysis is performed in DEFORM3D software. Finally optimum model have to prepare with maintain constant velocity.
Keywords: Aluminium, Behavior, Deformation, Extrusion and Hot
[1] 3D finite element analysis of metal flow in hot aluminum extrusion of T-shaped profile with various offset pockets by S.J.J. Carmai, S. Pitakthapanaphong, S. Sechjarern.
[2] Modelling of cold extrusion with experimental verification by P. Tiernan, M.T. Hillery, B. Draganescu, M. Gheorghe.
[3] Finite element analysis of piping defect formation in the sheet-extrusion process by Wiriyakorn Phanitwong and Sutasn Thipprakmas.
[4] Extrusion of 7075 aluminum alloy through double-pocket dies to manufacture a complex profile by Gang Fang, Jie Zhou, Jurek Duszczyk
[5] FEM analysis of aluminium extrusion through square and round dies by T. ChandaU, J. Zhou, J. Duszczyk.

Paper Title :: Analysis of Stress and Deflection Patterns in Railroad Ties Subjected to Static and Dynamic Loads
Author Name :: Chettipogu Ravi Kumar || Dr. Mahesh Mallampati || Lanka Prakasarao
Country :: India
Page Number :: 104-112
railroad tie, cross tie, or sleeper is a rectangular object used as a base for railroad tracks. Traditionally, ties have been made of wood, later steel has also been used and concrete is now widely used along with composite materials. To determine the various stresses in the ties due to static and dynamic loads, the finite element method is used which is accurate and time saving. The FEM has developed simultaneously with the increasing use of high speed electronic digital computers and with the growing emphasis on numerical methods for engineering analysis. The systematic generality of the finite element procedure makes it a powerful and versatile tool for a wide range of problems. In this project, the finite element analysis software such as ANSYS R11.0 is used to carry out the stress analysis. In this work, 3D analysis is used to carry out a railroad tie made of steel and composite materials under static and dynamic loads. A detailed model of the tie is created using ANSYS geometric modeling options. Due to static loading the stress distributions and deflections are investigated. The plots of distribution of stress is depicted with the results and their influence on the tie is discussed. Further modal, harmonic and transient analysis is performed to obtain dynamic stability. The analysis suggests that composite ties can be used instead of steel ties and stress in the ties can further be reduced by increasing the thickness of composite ties and can have greater life. But the major problem with composites is higher initial cost.
Keywords: Composite, concrete, Deformation, Harmonic and Railroad tie
[1]. ANSYS User Manual
[2]. Bathe, K.J., Finite Element Procedures in Engineering Analysis, Englewood Cliffs, NJ:Prentice Hall, 1981.
[3]. Bowes, W.H., and L. T. Russel, Stress Analysis by the Finite Element Method for Practicing Engineers, Lexington, MA: Lexington Books, 1975.
[4]. Chandrakant Desai. S., and John Abel, F., Introduction to the Finite Element Method, Affiliated East-West Press Pvt Ltd, New Delhi, 1972
[5]. Cook, R.D., Finite Element Modeling for Stress Analysis, New York Wiley, 1995.

Copyright © 2015 IJLRET. All Right Reseverd Home   Editorial Board   Current Issue   Contact Us