Vol. 03, No. 08 [August 2017]

Avery simple method was established, to detect the contamination of Groundnut by afltoxin since they are classified by the international Agency for Research on cancer as group 1 carcinogen for humans. Groundnut for this study were brought from the local market of Khartoum State. The sorted and cleaned nuts were divided into 3 groups A, B and C. Then each group was put in a sieve then dipped in tap water for 1 min. (group A), 3 min. (group B) and 5 min. (group C). The experiment repeated in hot water. Then the nuts were air dried, for one hour, this result in the appearance of brown colour spots only on the external testa of the blanched nuts. Sample B, which was dipped in hot water for 3 min, was considered the best, since the spots were clear with definite boarders. Then another new sample (D) was dipped in hot water for 3 min. to confirm the result observed in sample (B). Sample B and D were exposed to another drying treatment, half of the sample were air dried and the other half oven dried. In both treatments sorting of the nuts was done according to the spots size (small, medium and large). The aflatoxin content in each group was detected by Flourometer. The spots size on the surface of the nuts, were found to be positively correlated to Aflatoxin content.
Keywords: aflatoxin, groundnut, boiling

The work is devoted to mathematical and numerical modeling of mud filtrate penetration processes when drilling wells in reservoirs containing oil. It is known that the distribution of saturation of pore space significantly affects the transformation of the field of the resistivity of the zone of penetration of the filtrate of the drilling mud. On the basis of two-dimensional self-similar solutions, the existence of a unique smooth solution close to the corresponding solution of the one-dimensional Stefan problem in self-similar variables is proved. The paper proposes an effective algorithm for the numerical solution of the problem under consideration. In modeling, the flow region is stellar relative to the center where the well is located, and the desired solution monotonically decreases along the radius of the well effect. Using special variables, the main problem is reduced to an equivalent boundary-value problem for a second-order nonlinear elliptic equation in a fixed domain. Further, with the help of a numerical solution, a comparative analysis was carried out.
Keywords: Mud filtration, electrical resistivity (ER), high-frequency induction isoparametric sounding method (HIISM), lateral logging sounding method (LLS).

The multi-supplier multi-buyer framework agreements are designed to ensure cost effective purchasing and faster deliveries of products. The EU directives 2004/17/EC and 2004/18/EC define the rules of framework agreements signed in the entire Europe. In practice, framework agreements are not effective because of poor collaboration, communications, and information sharing. The model of pre-agreed lock-in prices is not successful in modern markets because the market prices fluctuate significantly. The suppliers feel that they carry all the risks and buyers just want to play safe given the lack of volume commitments. This study presents an integrated collaborative model of framework agreements using cloud computing. At the core of the model, an automated process framework with automated request-response tasks is designed that ensures automatic PO preparation, automatic ordering, automatic delivery tracking, and automatic issuing of replenishment instructions. The performance is excellent given the adoption of cloud computing e-marketplace design. The model is expected to solve the problems of poor collaboration, communications, and information sharing in existing framework agreements.

Concrete is most extensively used material in today's rapidly growing world. In various structures, the concrete section has used to carry different types of loads. Many times concrete poses difficulty in its usage and application and hence a new material called flexible concrete sheet has developed. The paper covers the major aspect of the behavioral study of flexible concrete sheet. Flexible concrete sheet is the composite member having three layers in which bottom layer is impermeable layer, intermediate layer is a 3-D fiber matrix and top layer is permeable cotton layer. The middle layer has filled with a settable material, whichcan be cured. The settable material used here is cement mortar. This paper also emphases on the benefits of the flexible concrete sheet in various different applications. The paper also includes the financial study and cost comparison of flexible concrete sheet with the conventional concrete material.
Keywords: Concrete Sheet, Concrete, Cement, 3-D fiber matrix

In this paper it is given software solution of the problem for robust stability of linear systems with time delay via special development program package, which is named "Step method" and by using object oriented programming in programming language C++. By this it is enabled fast identification of region of stability for systems with time delay in parameter plane, when systems are defined by uncertain parameters in certain own limits. Via software package it is easy to set parameters of the object, do the identification of the system with time delay, easy enter all important data for the system and present results and graphics of obtaining solutions. It is all presented through description of the program and segments with windows illustrations . The crucial value of the development of this programming package is, that the same approach might apply for solution of the other variable issues of even more complex systems.
Keywords: control systems, parameter plane, robust systems, time delay, object oriented programming

Horizontal flow grit chambers are widely used in wastewater treatment in order to separate the grit as well as the grease and decrease the settleable inert material load flowing to downstream units. Design of grit chambers is based on engineering assumptions, empirical formula, mainly taking into account only one design flow. In case of changing flow condition entering the grit chamber the performance may differ from the design performance. With the help of numerical flow analysis the settled solid, thus the capability of the system could be determined cost-effectively in design phase. In this paper an existing horizontal flow grit chamber performance was tested at dry weather average, dry weather peak and wet weather peak flows. It was concluded that different load condition had effect on particles, which diameter is less than 0.2 mm, reducing the settling efficiency from 99% to 95% or less.
Keywords: gritchamber, hydrodinamics, horizontal flow, phaseseparation

Social marketing operates on the concept of changing people's behavior. It is the application of commercial marketing standard techniques to influence the voluntary behavior of target audiences and improve their personal welfare and that of the society. It is one the fastest growing forms of online marketing, but not exactly as traditional online marketing because traditional online marketing never expects listening to customers. This paper provides a brief introduction to social marketing.
Key Words: social marketing, social behavioral change, social responsibility

In this paper power flow analysis of 15MVA, 33/11 kV Injection substation and its associated feeders is carried out to determine the status of voltage magnitudes, power losses and load flows at each bus. To improve the voltage magnitudes and reduce power losses Distributed Generators were placed optimally in the Network by developing a Genetic Algorithm (GA) programme in Matrix Laboratory (MATLAB) and effecting the simulation in an Electrical Transient Analyzer Programme (ETAP). With the insertion of DG optimally, the results was compared with when the DG were not optimally placed. When the load flow for the entire network was simulated, the losses during peak period was 6.59MW, 2.22Mvar and off peak was 3.78MW, 2.01Mvar. The highest percentage voltage drop was 13.55% for peak and 11.1% for off peak. When DG was placed optimally, the loss for peak was 2.73MW, 1.59Mvar and for off peak 2.02MW, 1.09Mvar. The percentage highest voltage drop for peak period was 7.98% and 6.71% for off peak. With the insertion of DG optimally, enhancement in voltage at various buses, reduction in system power loss and improvement in load flow values were achieved.
Keywords: Distributed Generation (DG), Genetic Algorithm (GA), Electrical Transient Analyzer Programme (ETAP), load flow.

The present study explored the association between the intensity of online digital marketing tools use for online loyalty (Customer Retention) and the business performance satisfaction of Thai microenterprises. The survey data were collected from 217 owners of the small shops at major marketplaces in NCR, India. The results from partial least square regression analysis showed that the SME Owners who used online digital marketing tools intensively for loyalty tended to report higher satisfaction with their business performance. Furthermore, the results from the moderating effect analyses found that the positive relationship between online digital marketing tools use intensity for loyalty and business performance satisfaction tended to be significantly higher for the SME Owners who exhibited lower levels of social competency in business, as well as for the companies that generated more sales from online digital marketing tools. The main findings of this research provide practical implications for microenterprise SME Owners. Given that communication in online digital marketing tools tends to involve less interpersonal interactions than face-to-face communication, using online digital marketing tools for loyalty activities might be essential in enabling SME Owners with low social competency to interact with customers to improve customer satisfaction. Also, this finding implies that using online digital marketing tools for loyalty tends to be more crucial for companies that primarily target customers who are online digital marketing tools users.
Keywords: • E-loyalty • Online digital marketing tools marketing; • SME • Social competency; • Media Tools • Online Consumer Behaviour

Microfinance programmes and policies are normally put in place by governments to enable people have increased access to credit and therefore reduce the rate of poverty and improve their livelihoods. The active participation and involvement of women in the growth of the economy and creation of employment opportunities through creating entrepreneurial ventures has benefitted significantly from financial support from different sources, one of which is the MFIs. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of microfinance institutions in the successful implementation of women entrepreneurial ventures in Mombasa County. The study was guided by four objectives; to assess the influence of credit accessibility on the growth of women entrepreneurial ventures in Mombasa County; to assess the influence of training on the growth of women entrepreneurial ventures in Mombasa County; to assess the influence of social capital on the growth of women entrepreneurial ventures in Mombasa County and to assess the influence of savings on the growth of women entrepreneurial ventures in Mombasa County. The Literature reviewed was based on the themes of the independent variables and the theoretical foundations of this study were Grameen Model and Feminist Theory. The study adopted a descriptive research design approach, where effects of MFIs‟ on the growth of women entrepreneurial ventures were described as phenomenon in the real-life context. This design was suitable because the study was trying to investigate factors affecting accessibility to finance, training, social capital and savings by small scale women entrepreneurs in Mombasa County.The process of determining the sample size for a finite population, Krejcie & Morgan table was applied and ttherefore, for the registered 250 women, the sample size was 152 respondents. Simple random sampling was used to avoid biasness and every individual to have an equal chance to participate in the study. SPSS version 22 was used to aid in data analysis. The study concluded that credit accessibility by women entrepreneurs; training; social capital on women entrepreneurial ventures and savings changes significantly with respect to growth of women entrepreneurship and growth of women entrepreneurial ventures in Mombasa county at 95% confidence level, thus accepted the alternative hypothesis. Recommendations for the government to come up with easy and cheap ways to access credit for women entrepreneurs, different groups should be involved in capacity building on the members on savings and business management, the government should put in place the right policies to enable women to complete their education and also policies that will enable MFIs support women entrepreneurs.
Keywords: Microfinance Institutions MFI, Entrepreneurial Ventures, Kenya Women Finance Trust